Post-Quantum Cryptography – Kyber & Dilithium

Why Post-Quantum Cryptography?

As quantum computers advance, traditional cryptographic systems like RSA and ECC are at risk of being broken. Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) aims to secure communications against both classical and quantum adversaries using algorithms built on hard lattice problems, which remain resilient even to quantum attacks.

Kyber – Quantum-Safe Key Exchange

Kyber is a lattice-based Key Encapsulation Mechanism (KEM) selected by NIST as the standard for post-quantum key exchange. It's highly efficient and ideal for embedded, IoT, and aerospace environments where low memory and high speed are critical.

• Supports 128-bit, 192-bit, and 256-bit security levels
• Used to establish shared secrets over insecure channels
• Built on the Module-LWE (Learning With Errors) problem
• Compact ciphertext and key sizes (~1.5 KB)
• Efficient even on RISC-V and ARM Cortex-M devices

Dilithium – Post-Quantum Digital Signatures

Dilithium is a lattice-based digital signature scheme also selected by NIST. It offers strong security guarantees while remaining computationally lightweight, making it ideal for code signing, firmware verification, and identity validation in secure embedded systems.

• Resistant to attacks by quantum and classical computers
• Signature generation and verification are fast and lightweight
• Based on Module-LWE and Module-SIS problems
• Produces short, consistent signature sizes (~2.7 KB)
• Can replace RSA and ECDSA in secure communication stacks

Application in CRYPTONIX Devices

• Kyber is used to establish a post-quantum secure shared key between CRYPTONIX devices using device-specific PUF-based entropy.
• Dilithium is used to sign and verify AI model fingerprints and firmware payloads during boot-time and inter-device communication.
• All key generation, encapsulation, and signature processes are computed on-device using embedded implementations (PQClean / liboqs).

Together, Kyber and Dilithium form the cryptographic backbone of our quantum-secure communication strategy — ready for future conflict environments where quantum adversaries may be a reality.

Tools & Libraries

• PQClean – Reference C implementations of Kyber and Dilithium
• liboqs – Portable open-source library for PQ cryptography
• NIST PQC Project – Official standardization details and test vectors